numerical modelling of the segmental lining of underground structures

there are several methods for analysing the behaviour of underground structures under different loading conditions. most of these methods have many simplifications; therefore, in some cases, the results are too conservative and a very high safety factor, usually of more than 2 is needed. on the other hand, for stability analysis and the designing of support systems, these methods consider segmental lining and its joints as a uniform lining or a lining with pin connections. in this study, numerical modelling of the segmental lining of a tunnel was analysed using a sensitivity analysis of the static modelling. the numerical results were obtained by using a finite difference method (flac2d). using this form of analysis, a new simple methodology was introduced so that more reliable results can be obtained. by comparing the frame analysis results obtained by the sap2000 software with those obtained by the proposed method, it was concluded that the suggested method can be used as a simple and reasonable approach for the segmental lining of underground structures such as tunnels.